Volcanoes are Earth’s geologic architects. They’ve created more than 80 percent of our planet’s surface, laying the foundation that has allowed life to thrive. Their explosive force crafts mountains ...

Deadliest volcanic eruption: The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia, which killed up to 100,000 people From lava fountains to towering ash clouds, volcanoes produce some of the most dramatic ...

Submarine volcanoes, volcanic structures hidden beneath the ocean surface, play a vital role in shaping Earth’s geology and marine ecosystems. Formed through tectonic plate movements, rising magma, ...

Why is Christian Science in our name? Our name is about honesty. The Monitor is owned by The Christian Science Church, and we’ve always been transparent about that. The Church publishes the Monitor ...

Scientists drilling into the ocean floor have for the first time found out what happens when one tectonic plate first gets pushed under another. The international expedition drilled into the Pacific ...

It seems that study of plate tectonics is a bit like solving a jigsaw puzzle, except that the picture changes with time, and we only have the picture corresponding to "now" to work with. Some recent ...

The landscape of eastern Australia is dotted with hundreds of extinct volcanoes. They gave rise to an environment to which Aboriginal people have been connected for tens of thousands of years, and the ...